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Cryotherapy is based on surface cooling and the resulting local reduction in tissue temperature. In cold-air therapy, this is achieved with a continuous stream of cooled air at a constant temperature. This produces a range of thermoregulatory effects that differ from those of other cold applications, such as ice or cold packs, and may be desirable for various indications. These include acute and chronic pain, particularly in sports physiotherapy, as well as rheumatic conditions. Cold-air therapy is also used to cool the surface of the skin during laser treatments.
The specific physiological effects of cryotherapy with a stream of cold air include:
  • Reduced sensitivity of sensory nerves
  • Reduced nerve conduction velocity
  • Immediate vasoconstriction
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